Dear Concerned Citizen,

May 11, 2005
Has this ever happened to you?

You'll be talking with someone about how the Church or Christianity or the message of Jesus or Jesus Himself has made all of our lives better. Perhaps you point out that the faith has built a solid foundation of respect for the sanctity of all human life, the importance of equal justice under the law, and the value of open and honest transactions based on respect and mutual gain. Just as you think you may be making some sense your interlocutor blurts out, "Yeah, but what about the Crusades?!"

Don't you just hate that question?

What's most troubling is that it deserves an answer. What about the Crusades? Why did all of those Christians, encouraged by the Church, march all the way to Jerusalem and slaughter all of those Muslims, many of them innocent women and children, to keep Christianity's most sacred land "holy"?

The Crusades are a period of history that most Christians would rather not talk about.

Lately, however, it has been a topic hard to avoid.

Radical Islamisists often refer to their jihad against Jews and "Crusaders". President Bush even had to apologize for using the word "crusade" in describing the war on terror.

Now Ridley Scott, director of Alien,Gladiator and Blackhawk Down, has just released Kingdom of Heaven, a 120 million dollar epic bloodbath with thought provoking dialogue designed to get all of us talking about the Crusades.

Does Kingdom of Heaven help us come to terms with the historical truth that those who call themselves Christian can be just as hate filled and bloodthirsty as anyone else?

Kingdom of Heaven opens in late 12th century France to gravediggers burying a beautiful young women who killed herself to end her grief over the death of her child. Before she is placed in the ground one priest steals the silver crucifix off of her neck while another shouts to the gravedigger, "She was a suicide. Cut off her head."

Obviously Scott is not going to let the church off easy in this film. In truth, Balian's wife and children were very much alive. But that doesn't lend itself to priest bashing.

Later that night Balian (Orlando Bloom) sees the stolen crucifix on the priest's neck. It turns out the buried woman was his wife. Enraged, he kills the priest. He then avoids justice by leaving with his father for Palestine to "erase my sins and those of my wife as well."

Robert Spencer of jihadwatch.com claims this is the first major flaw in the film, that Christian doctrine has never encouraged jihad: the killing of infidels to assure you a place in heaven.

This may be comforting to believe but it is, unfortunately, wrong. Pope Urban II promised at the council of Clermont in 1095 that those who abandoned war against other Christians and instead fought the infidels who occupied Jerusalem would have their sins forgiven.

All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested.

Let's not be too hard on Urban. Remember that the Muslims had conquered nearly half of Christendom with their sights set on Europe. Urban believed Christ would save humanity through His Church. If Christ's Church was gone, humanity would be lost.

So how do millions of people with conflicting world views live together peacefully?

Scott and writer Monahan have chosen the period between the 2nd and 3rd Crusade to stage their morality play because they see it as a time of relative tolerance. Balian arrives in Jerusalem to find modest peace and pluralism.

Sure the Templar Knights, under the control of Guy de Lusignan, are still trying to get Baldwin, the Christian leper King of Jerusalem, into war with Saladin and his 200,000 warriors amassing around the city. Yes, Saladin has killed tens of thousands to unify the Muslim world against the Crusaders. And yes, the Crusaders have killed tens of thousands in their attempt to push the Muslims out of Palestine and to protect pilgrims to Jerusalem. But for these few months the bloodshed has abated.

It is at this very point that Scott and Monahan transform Balian from a medieval knight into a modern political theorist and tactician. Not only does he seek his own forgiveness, but now he sees, "a better world than man has ever seen. A kingdom of conscience. A Kingdom of Heaven."

To represent this period of pluralism Scott/Monahan introduce a fictional Brotherhood of Muslims, Jews, and Christians who counsel with the leper King on how to maintain the fragile peace.

Yet both the movie and history take an unfortunate turn away from this acceptable truce. Baldwin succumbs to his leprosy. Guy de Lusignan is crowned King of Jerusalem and immediately heads into the desert to conquer Saladin. Saladin slaughters the new King's army and then sets his sights on conquering Jerusalem.

From this point on the film becomes as confused about the Crusades as we are. Balian fails to transform his tribal warriors into enlightened agents seeking a kingdom of conscience. They don't, after all, want to get their heads cut off. Balian himself is so busy slashing and killing his way around Jerusalem that he has little time for further social contract sermonizing. War, in fact, becomes all that is important to him. Why are all of these pacifists killing each other?

It is as difficult for Scott to remove this bloodthirsty aspect of his characters' humanity as it was for the Medievals invading Jerusalem nearly a millennium ago to remove it from theirs. Today, Braveheart and Gladiator and Troy and Alexander and Lord of the Rings I, II, and III, are successful films partially because some savagery remains within us.

If nothing else, history continues to teach us that humanity is "red in tooth and claw." As members of that humanity we are capable of terrible acts of cruelty. We see this in the news everyday. If we were honest with ourselves we would admit that under the worst circumstances, none of us would be totally immune from the unthinkable.

Are we hopelessly flawed? If left to our own devices are we still capable, after all that we have learned, of unspeakable violence? Could it be that we are, by necessity, in need of being saved from ourselves?

And what about that daunting question, "What about the Crusades?"

The problem of man's inhumanity to man is so pervasive that all of us are vulnerable. Therefore, the institutions of both state and church should do all they can to minimize it.

The institutions of state should resort to violence only to protect innocent human life.

The institutions of church should never militarize. If a state militarizes through its police or it's military and involves its citizens in the process then the church has an obligation to speak to the legitimacy of that action and to be of spiritual support to those involved.

The mission of the Church is never defined by conquest of land or money or people. Its mission is to encourage the free submission of souls to the will of God that recognizes the dignity of all human beings as children of God.

Urban II was right to discourage Christians from killing each other. He was wrong to encourage them to kill infidels.

Scott's support of pluralism, regardless of how fictionalized (Professor Jonathan Riley-Smith said the movie is "not historically accurate at all") and lopsided (all members of the Church are dimwits and wicked; nearly all extremists are Christian) should be encouraged. Political pluralism is, after all, the solution to this menacing problem of divergent cultures getting along.

Political pluralism does not necessarily mean religious pluralism. People of faith (including those of atheism and secularism) think that what they believe is true and what others believe is false. Honestly, don't you believe that what you believe is true?

Political pluralism encourages us to accept this, that beliefs are cherished by those who hold them. It allows for the expression of these beliefs. But just as importantly, political pluralism insists that we live peacefully with each other while respecting each other's dignity.

The Christian faith has encouraged this solution, regardless of its mistakes in the past. In fact, the Christian faith is the leading proponent of this solution.

Responses to: We the People

Unfortunately, the inability of the American people to agree on a consensus on what is right and what is wrong, has been reflected in the makeup of its legislative branch. The fragmentation of Congress has made it virtually impossible for Congress to effectively govern. Thus, the judiciary has stepped in. A return by the American people to a Judeo-Christian consensus would allow Congress to eventually make law based on that consensus. If and when this happens, the judiciary would have no need, nor any ability, to usurp legislative powers. - B. S.

The provision in the constitution for reviewing the court's juridiction by the legislature is akin to a review board of referees. If a given referee is wrong enough times he/she will be reprimanded and eventually disqualified. Similarly while we agree that the courts must in general be respected, the more important issue is that the courts are limited in their jurisdiction and must be reviewed when they overstep their boundaries. Any referee can be reviewed and overturned if a wrong decision or a series of wrong decisions are made. Abortion, euthanasia and even the role of the federal government in states rights issues are reviewable and the legislature should accept their review responsibilities. The President is called upon to instigate review and sign legislation that is believed to be proper by the person who occupies that office. - J. S.

All this talk about the courts usurping power is simply political propaganda from those who do not like one or more recent court decisions. Nothing has changed about the power of the courts from the day our constitution was adopted. They have always had the same power: to be the referees. When they make a decision that the majority of the people or politicians don't like, it is because they are protecting the rights of the minority. I think the real problem is that the conservatives have not awakened to the fact that they are no longer in the minority. They are now the majority. They control the executive and legislative branches of the national government and they have appointed most of the judges in the Federal courts. The judges who turned down the Terri Schiavo appeals are mostly Republican appointees, including the darlings of the Right. When you run your nose up against a court decision you don't like, it is because you were about to poke your nose into someone's rights. That is the way our constitution works! When efforts are made to change that fact, if they are successful, they will destroy our rights. I disagree with abortion. I think it is a sin. But, precisely where to draw the line is ultimately based on religious beliefs. One major religion says that even birth control is morally the same as abortion. The court has said that once the baby is well developed then laws can be passed against abortion, but there is a questionable period in early pregnancy where no line can be drawn unless it is done by religion. Which religion should force its line on all Americans? I hope that medical research will soon clarify this who question so that we can get out of the current religious morass, but in the mean time, if one religion (or a coalition of religions) is allowed to force its definition of where to draw the line onto all Americans through the power of the government ... Is that the kind of America that can honestly be called a free country? - M. S.

I would not have given even 3 stars to this article, it was extremely biased and poorly researched - If it were possible to give negative number ratings, this article would deserve such a rating. - C. B.

Your line of reasoning concerning the power of the courts reminds me of the old debate over "experimental education." Conservatives would whine about how wrong it is to engage in "experimental education," because really you are "experimenting with our precious children." Better to stick to "traditional education," meaning the same education that they received as children. But the flaw in such reasoning ought to be obvious to any educated person: to give today's children the education yesterday's education is just as much an experiment as any new pedagogy. It is an experiment to see if yesterday's methods and materials will prepare children for tomorrow's world. So at the end of the day it really boils down to a question of whether it's your ox that is being gored or mine. The same with the courts. You can whine all you want about activist judges, but all judges are activists. You just don't like the action they are taking. - B. H.

I can't understand what you're complaining about--my only big problem is that the Supreme Court "elected" George Bush, our worst president EVER. Otherwise, most of the courts are acting reasonably; I'm just worried that Bush will now pack the Supreme Court with right-wing extremists who will destroy this company and all our liberties along with it. - A.

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